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In 1991, the children'due south book "Cuties in the Kingdom of Self-Esteem" was published (The Lovables in the Kingdom of Self-Esteem). The piece of work, released from the pen of Diana Lumans and illustrated by Kim Howard, carries a simple and at the same fourth dimension powerful message: you, the kid, reading this book or listening to how you are read by adults, very special.

Nether the cover we are greeted past this greeting:

I AM A CUTIE!

I AM A CUTIE!

I AM A CUTIE!

These magic words open the gates to the Kingdom of Self-esteem for readers of all ages. The kingdom is inhabited by the 24 animal - Cuties - each of which has some special quality. Monkey Mona is very cute. Owen Owen - capable kid. Beaver Buddy cares nearly the earth. Goose Greta believes in herself.

"Cuties" were published on the wave of a stylish cultural miracle that was rapidly conquering the whole of N America: insanity in cocky-esteem. In 1980-xc, a special spirit reigned in guild. The tasks of the school included not just learning, but too shaping the children'southward sense of their ain uniqueness and potential.

And it is not only about schoolchildren. In those days, virtually each - from the CEO to the unemployed - it was suggested (past psychologists or other authoritative experts) that working on self-esteem tin can, using the terminology of "Cuties", open the gates to even greater happiness, higher productivity and everything your centre desires. This argument served both personal and political goals: the political move that originated in California argued that increasing self-esteem contributes to lower crime rates, fewer teenage pregnancies, and other social bug — even such as environmental pollution.

The long-term consequences of these statements are hard to overestimate. Insanity to cocky-esteem has changed the management structure of countless organizations, changed the approach to education, used in the education of a whole generation - the so-called "generation Y", or millennials - and this generation'southward perception of themselves (very positive).

However, the trend message that high self-esteem will solve a number of social issues turned out to exist false. Merely it did not affair: for millions of people, such a concept seemed too convenient and suitable to bother with testing its effectiveness. Many people still They believe that increasing self-esteem is 1 of the almost of import life goals, the achievement of which is extremely important for harmonious mental development.

In fact, an eccentric politician, John Vasconcellos, who passed away in the 2014 year, started this wave. He has been a fellow member of the California legislature for 38 years. However, offset of all, he was a nonconformist: he grew his hair in the legislative associates throughout his three-year term — and Californian notes were clearly heard in his non-conformism. Vasconcellos was an idealist, convinced that unrevealed greatness lurks in every person, but his idealism was in part caused past his ain demons and the struggle that lasted all his life with outbursts of anger.

He was fond of the teachings of the Esalen Institute in Big Sur (a communal settlement on the w declension of California - Ed). In that location Vasconsellos stumbled upon the impressive size of the work of psychologists near the importance of self-esteem. Co-ordinate to those studies, people's reactions to various difficulties and manifestations of hostility varied depending on their cocky-esteem. As explained Scientific discipline of Usa Roy Baumeister, a social psychologist who specialized (including) in self-assessment, established a correlation between self-cess indicators and the success of self-presentation of the subjects, as well as "what was their reaction when we said that they failed the beginning test of a long series tests.

This finding has adamant the entire career of Vasconcellos. He was guided by elementary logic: if low cocky-esteem is the root crusade of inadequate reactions, poor performance and bad behavior, then, of grade, an increase in self-esteem can bring endless positive consequences.

In 1986, Vasconsellos managed to convince the California Parliament to set up a commission to written report the impact of cocky-esteem on the public and political situation in the state. The chore of the working group was to written report the effect of self-esteem on a wide range of social problems; The state allocated $ 245 000 per year to research. Naturally, the piece of work of the grouping was led past Vasconsellos.

Many ridiculed the idea of ​​a California politician: for instance, Harry Trudeau for three weeks ridiculed the idea in Dunsbury (a popular comic book - Ed.) (his frivolous protagonist Bupsy was assigned to a fictional version of the working group), just information technology was fourth dimension for the members of the present working grouping to become to piece of work in order to fulfill the naive promises given by Vasconcellos. The group was not homogeneous - it included, according to the materials of one of the articles devoted to the working group, "fundamentalist Christians, activists of the motility for the rights of sexual minorities, law enforcement officers, teachers, lawyers and supporters of the New Age religions". The members of the working group were confident that their new projection should bring extremely important results. For case, help states salve budget coin allocated to juvenile inspectors and maintaining prisons.

It took the members of the working group more than than a year to develop a definition of self-esteem, which ultimately sounded similar "sensation of one's own value and importance, power to take responsibility for ane'due south actions and human activity responsibly towards others."

In an interview with the bureau Associated Press A representative of the Republican Party, who was amid the members of the working grouping, called the initiative to increase cocky-esteem equally an alternative to the traditional method of "reckless spending in trying to plug new problems": "We continue to spend money on countering law-breaking and violence, on combating drugs". According to his logic, if the country could develop cheap methods of increasing self-esteem, these expenses would no longer exist necessary.

The growing popularity of the project was reinforced by the constant promotion of "research" conducted to ostend Vasconcellos theory, according to which cocky-esteem was the cause of many personal and social problems. However, many of the experiments conducted at that fourth dimension were either a ridiculous heresy, or a hack. Vasconcellos Task Force also organized a serial of activities throughout California where police, social workers, ex-offenders, etc., spoke about the importance of self-cess. The group surprisingly successfully and speedily managed to win a identify in the national discourse on the fight confronting drugs, criminal offense and other social problems.

Baumeister oversaw the work of the working group with growing distrust. "With 84 – 85, I began to collect information contrary to the statements of the working group, and began to realize that not everything was every bit shine as it seemed to me." He feared that Californian "cocky-assessors" had missed a rather realistic opportunity: perchance productivity was non the result of high self-esteem, but simply the contrary; perhaps a college self-esteem of more than talented, smarter, or successful people is issue these qualities and achievements.

In 1989, the working group published its most important piece of work, the book The Social Importance of Self-Assessment. Co-ordinate to Baumeister, this publication besides was not of high quality, like all of their inquiry. He could non discover no prove that would support Vasconcellos's claims about the miraculous properties of self-esteem, such as its obvious potential to reduce criminal offense.

But the press had a different opinion on that. Despite the fact that initially the media were skeptical, but subsequently reports of a movement in back up of the growth of self-esteem acquired a more benevolent tone. Criticism was less and less common, and more than and more than often, modest, total of admiration news columns and countless unconfirmed comments from authoritative, just confused, self-evaluators. There was a substitution of concepts everywhere: the human relationship was taken as a causal relationship, and vice versa. That is: it is not surprising, of course, that many criminals take low self-esteem - this is what happens, since offenders accept a lot of bad things in life. But this does not prove that information technology was the cocky-esteem that pushed them to choose an outlaw life or that everything would have turned out differently if, in childhood, someone had inspired them that they should treat themselves amend.

The printing at that fourth dimension was in solidarity with the movement for increasing cocky-esteem: they all took it for self-esteem ... Well ... A lot of things. For example, in a published Baltimore newspaper Sun The article described the following "San Jose timetable based on self-esteem principles": "Standards applied to both schoolchildren and teachers encounter the challenge of creating a sense of security, awareness of one'due south identity, involvement in society, goals, and personal self-improvement . For case, a educatee who is lagging behind in geography may choose a comrade from the form, piece of work with a loftier school student, a instructor, or attend additional classes. "

However, providing aid to lagging students does not contribute to the growth of their cocky-esteem - in whatsoever instance, direct - these are just boosted classes. Vasconcellos and his colleagues often urged any social programs to the goal of "increasing cocky-esteem," including even quite traditional examples of social and educational assistance, not direct aimed at the germination of higher self-esteem. This misunderstanding caused confusion: perhaps some of these programs did bring some results, but this was non necessarily due to the methods they used to improve cocky-esteem. However, amid general obsession, it was very hard to hear the voices of skeptics.

Ultimately, the topic of self-esteem has become extremely pop. Information technology is difficult to gauge how much money was spent in this surface area - the more extensive self-help manufacture, part of which is self-assessment initiatives, brought $ 2015 billion a year to ten.

Of course, the most successful supporters of the theory of cocky-esteem have been enriched, with the mind taking advantage of another passion of the country. Jack Canfield, the founder of Los Angeles-based Self-Assessment Seminars, offered customers a seven-hr course in which they intended to use video, audio recordings and kinesiology techniques a flurry of sequels and books on a similar topic).

In some states, people receiving social benefits were given special exercise books to increase their self-esteem. In general, such an agile promotion of ideas nearly the importance of high cocky-esteem did non allow anyone to exist skeptical near this concept. And the matter is not only in the mountains of materials on this issue, only likewise in the school curriculum, and in the actions of the management of the enterprises, which by that moment had invested a decent corporeality in this idea.

Nowhere is this insanity in self-esteem manifested more conspicuously than in American schools. Together with these ideas, all sorts of new exercises began to penetrate into the classes. One of them - a very mutual in the lower grades - a ball game. The child throws the brawl to the neighbor and comes up with a compliment: "I like your shirt." And so the ball is passed to the side by side child, and a new praise sounds: "You lot play great football game." Warm feelings travel along with the ball around the class: back and forth, back and forth. This is like to that described in 1990 on the site. Earth and Mail The Magic Circle game, which was mutual in Toronto schools.

9: 30 in the morning in the classroom №6 in the Winchester individual schoolhouse play "Magic Circle".

10 third-graders and their teacher, Oksana Gogol, sit down in Turkish on the one-time rug. Miss Gogol welcomes every kid. Today's topic, she announces, "is how I did something dainty for a friend."

Children ponder a few minutes. Lydia puts her hands together, indicating that she wants to say something. "Other kids teased my girlfriend, then I hugged her tight," the girl says.

The rest describe similar proficient deeds. They praise each other. Oksana - all children call her but by proper noun - thanks each student, and later asks what exactly they like in the "Circumvolve".

Someone says, "I like sharing what I feel."

In other schools, teachers stopped using scarlet pens, as it was believed that a child's self-esteem could suffer if he saw many corrections in red in his spelling exam. In some schools there were mirrors with inscriptions similar "At present you are looking at 1 of the most special people in the whole world!". Perhaps the well-nigh vivid image of self-esteem I personally had in inferior schoolhouse. During some exercise, we were told that self-esteem was like a balloon that inflated and deflated depending on what happened to united states of america during the twenty-four hours. When it is inflated, which means that your cocky-esteem is high, just good things happen to you - your grades get better, and decisions are wiser, you get more than friends. If the ball is blown abroad, you get so vulnerable! Your performance is getting worse, and information technology's much more hard for you to "but say no" if you are asked to try drugs. This image and the whole thought crashed into my memory, because such a circuitous concept with such diverse consequences was simplified to a balloon.

According to Steve Salerno, the author of the book "Cheating: How the self-help movement made America helpless," the move to work on self-esteem grew out of ideas that existed back in the 1960 and 1970 years. Already from one title of his book it becomes clear that he is far from delighted with the idea of ​​cocky-help. "Didactics based on maintaining cocky-esteem is the fruit of the theory of victimization, which was promoted in books similar" I'm fine - you're fine, "and despite the life-affirming championship, the real message of such literature was: you're not at all fine, you're cleaved demand aid, "explains the writer.

There was a lot in mutual between those who bought all the books like "I'm fine - you're fine" and those who joined the general insanity in self-esteem. By the time this mania began to proceeds momentum, readers were well aware of the idea that information technology was the issues in the idea of ​​their own cocky that prevented them from developing and that this could be fixed. And encouraging work on self-esteem in schools was "a reaction to the idea that every child who comes to schoolhouse carries one vice — he feels like a victim. And if you look at the problem from such an bending, the reason for poor performance is that children are simply not confident enough, "explains Salerno.

According to Salerno, in many places in the state, these ideas take completely inverse educational activity. And it manifested itself not only in the "Circle of Magic" game in the classroom or in the plain-looking inscriptions on the mirrors: in many schools, the ideas virtually severity with regard to bookish performance, and the connexion betwixt instructor and pupil, changed. At that fourth dimension, they basically considered: "Exercise not let the children get upset, because if they get upset, their bookish performance will be bad," says Salerno. Self-esteem has besides become 1 of the master issues in a lengthy give-and-take most social inequality. "Everyone understood that poor areas are lagging backside the rest, and special emphasis was placed on the fact that black children do worse in school. And there was a perception that this was due to their low cocky-esteem, "continues Salerno.

If y'all understand your cocky-esteem, the gaps in cognition will close by themselves. And the nice bonus of this theory, as noted past Salerno, was that it did not require a global revision of the education system - it seemed the simplest solution to the problem. And in many cases, its adherents paid special attention to self-esteem instead of offer "to rent the best teachers, to allocate more than money to school development and staff training. It was a substitute for all that could really benefit. "

Equally it turned out, the fact that in the 1980-ten and 1990-s many problems associated with self-esteem, it was nigh unfounded. This tin can be said with confidence thank you to psychologists who, at the offset of the new millennium, decided to study the concept on which the whole theory was based more advisedly. The American Psychological Association suggested that Baumeister and iii other scientists comport a comprehensive study of the literature on this issue in lodge to find out whether self-esteem "worked" in the way it was considered. In 2005 year in the magazine Scientific American an commodity was published, and in the publication Psychological Scientific discipline and the Public Interest - more scientific inquiry. They brought sad news: in published scientific papers in that location is practically no confirmation of Vasconsello's theory. And in some of them, high self-esteem was associated at all with worse behavior: equally information technology turned out, some criminals considered themselves quite pleasant people.

Other sources confirmed the suspicions of Baumeister: dependence is not equal to a causal relationship. For example, in the 1986 written report reviewed by scientists, it was found that "the level of self-esteem in the 10 grade is a very weak ground for judging the performance in 12." Past success in schoolhouse, by contrast, 1 could approximate almost self-esteem. Successful people are more likely to accept high self-esteem precisely because they are successful, and not vice versa.

Baumeister and his colleagues did not overly condemn all those psychologists who had made their contribution to insanity in cocky-esteem. "Was it wise to promote an idea of ​​the importance of self-esteem before all the data were nerveless? Maybe. We know that many practicing psychologists have to confront certain problems even before the necessary studies are carried out, "the researchers wrote in one of their works.

In fact, this is quite common in the social sciences. Here is a pile of works, the authors of which point to a dependency, which can have real important consequences if you have some things as given. But it takes fourth dimension to understand whether this is true. In the concurrently, you are doing research, other people who, unlike the luminaries of the social sciences, may not fifty-fifty consider scientific accurateness to be something so of import, or those who accept to solve issues in real life and do not accept the luxury of waiting for new ones to be published. authoritative research may decide to apply the theory in practice, without waiting for its confirmation.

It seems that this is how it was. Despite the lack of bear witness for a causal link between self-esteem and positive change, the story sounded then convincing that, in terms of an impressionable pol like Vasconcelos, the prove independent therein enough, to take the initiative and begin its implementation. That is why a simple and extremely infectious conclusion - increasing cocky-esteem can significantly amend productivity and living weather condition - was able to take root in the minds of people: he offered a simple and understandable solution to the tangle of circuitous problems. The proposed hypothesis was perceived by people as a simple solution, since the nuances that should have been subjected to the nearly conscientious study were passed by politicians - many of them mistakenly understood the essence of the discoveries fabricated (and not made) by administrative experts.

The fact that self-esteem turned out to be such a pop topic for discussion in both parties, which was actively supported by both liberals and conservatives (despite minor disagreements), reduced to zero the possibility of a consolidated opposition - although, of course, skeptical voices were heard from time to time ( by and large, of class, ignored). They included conservative public figures, for example, Charles Krauthammer and "Dr. Laura" Schlessinger, who considered the movement to increase self-esteem a new manifestation of "help yourself", which, in their opinion, destroyed the very foundations of America.

Peradventure the move for increasing cocky-esteem has not fulfilled the chore set for itself to resolve all existing social problems, but this does not mean that it has not yielded results. Let the increased emphasis on cocky-esteem and not make children 1980-x and 1990-s born smarter, more than successful or more diligent, he, according to Jean Twain, a psychologist from the University of San Diego and writer of the volume "Generation I: Why mod immature Americans are more than confident in themselves, more privileged and more miserable than ever, most likely, they still managed to influence them in the long run. "The movement for increasing cocky-esteem is at least one of the factors explaining why the millennial cocky-esteem is higher than before, why they oft consider themselves to be extraordinary individuals and, in most cases, treat themselves more favorably than their ancestors did age, "she explained.

"I also believe that this is precisely what explains their college results on the footing of testing for compliance with the narcissistic personality type." Twainj stressed that it is important to avoid simplifications in assessing what is happening. She explained that she was sometimes non understood: many accused her of exaggerating the part of the move for increasing self-esteem in the occurrence of a personal gap between generations. However, the available data suggest that the movement for increasing self-esteem has played a role. "Of grade, the Millennial generation was most sensitive to the idea that cocky-esteem is the cardinal to success," she added. "They also became a generation convinced that we should increase the self-esteem of our children: either at abode or at school, using diverse methods and techniques."

I of the interesting ways to assess the extent of insanity in self-esteem is to study the soapbox that has developed effectually this issue. Have, for example, a study conducted by Twenge and her colleagues on the frequency of using "laudatory" phrases in English language-language literature — sentences of the form "Believe in yourself and everything will exist possible" и "To love someone, you demand to honey yourself start". "Nosotros use these phrases when nosotros need to give advice to adolescents and adults," explains Twainge, "but they are very modern. At least for literature: before 1980 they are extremely rare, and so sharply gaining popularity. They sound very individualistic, their significant is concentrated on the person, but they are also very deceptive. "Believe in yourself, and everything is possible?". No, this is rubbish. "

In subsequent years, many factors appeared in society over and over over again that determined self-assessment insanity — simple, motivating messages, a huge amount of un-very-carefully-conducted research, prejudice of confirmation (the tendency of a person to confirm information that corresponds to his convictions or prejudices, regardless from their truth, - Ed.), the emergence of relevant goods and services. They took the grade of apprentice psychology, which won the attention of the masses and enjoyed access to unlimited resources (information technology suffices to recall such ideas as the posture of confidence and the implicit associative test). But none of these ideas changed civilisation to the aforementioned extent that the race for high cocky-esteem. Today, millions of Americans firmly believe that of course, the growth of self-esteem gives results. Countless books on this bailiwick claim the same.

If y'all do not detect error, there is something in information technology. In the and so-chosen type of thinking study, initiated by Ballad Dweck, a psychologist at Stanford University, it is hypothesized that one of the ways to increase students' diligence is to create a type of thinking aimed at "growth" rather than "frozen" - in other words, confidence that they possess the necessary skills to learn and meliorate, and not that their intellectual abilities are somehow express. No 1 volition exist surprised by the idea that one of the ways of increasing productivity is Vera in that you can achieve better results.

But isn't everything ever happening? There are some truth clues in the concept of "power poses" and in the implicit associative examination - about no 1 doubts that your posture influences how others perceive you, and almost certainly implicit bias influences the outcome of many events. Problems arise when some ideas, which are based on the correct promises, brainstorm to live their own lives, turning into Great Innovative Ideas, which eventually appear on the market every bit new approaches to solving fundamental problems. Cocky-esteem is one of the best examples of such a transformation, since it conspicuously demonstrates how infectious the "psychology of self-help" can be. If successful, these ideas can really change society and culture. And the impression is that self-esteem has paved the way for many other unproblematic and understandable ideas; that scientists are increasingly selling - oft on stage, thanks to performances in TED Talk - simple, two- and three-line observations of human being nature under the guise of a panacea for solving problems that accept existed for decades, centuries, or even millennia. Most of these ideas do not take root every bit well equally the idea of ​​self-cess succeeded in their time, but many are quite successful, and it seems that there will be more such ideas, and that most of them accept become much less skeptical and modest in their work.

Largely for the aforementioned reasons that are so hard to calculate the exact cost of movement for improving self-esteem in dollar terms, it is so hard for us to find evidence of its turn down. It seems that this is the case, given that many types of out-of-schoolhouse activity take been abolished, and corporate managers take abandoned insanity in self-esteem and switched to other methods - power poses! - in order to increase potential profits. In full general, this move achieved such success that it managed to enter the national civilization as the truth - and now it volition never sink into oblivion: of courseInformation technology is very important for children to have acceptable self-esteem. Of course, you can't love someone if you don't love yourself.

Или: of courseSimplified observations of human nature accept magical appeal.

Today, attitudes toward the social sciences accept changed - people treat them a fleck more critically than during the heyday of self-esteem. Not to mention TED TalksPeople better sympathise why a particular scientific method tin be deceptive, create false ideas about human nature and behavior. So it would be overnice to think that at present something like a general insanity in cocky-esteem would non take happened, and we would non have bought it.

Simply if you lot look at the hype that has arisen effectually perseverance, information technology will seem to you that you've already heard it all somewhere.

Over the past few years, a group of researchers led past Angela Duckworth of the University of Pennsylvania put forward the theory that this personality feature, defined as "perseverance and focus on long-term tasks," lays the foundation for school - and, it turns out, career and life - success more than that or else. "My squad found that this indicator is shutting down the IQ belt, test results, physical fettle and billions of other indicators. It helps us make up one's mind in advance which of the subjects will exist most successful in a given situation, "said Duckworth. She also stated that "a characteristic has been established that has get a significant harbinger of success. And I'one thousand non talking about social intelligence. Not about appearance, physical course or IQ. I mean perseverance. "

Information technology would exist difficult to overestimate the commotion that arose after these statements — adherents of perseverance spoke of it equally the very cloak-and-dagger of success. This statement was advertised in Duckworth'southward The Hardness of Character: The Power of Passion and Perseverance. She also received a MacArthur grant "for geniuses" to go along inquiry on this topic. The Ministry building of Pedagogy recommended the introduction of "hardness" methodologies into the national pedagogy system, and the "Knowledge is Power" network, which includes 200 schools with their own lease throughout the country, included character force in the listing of 7 key character traits that they seek to develop in their students . And, considering of the strength of character, corresponds to the "contempo reform of the federal law on education, according to which states must introduce at least one not-academic component in the process of assessing school performance." Many other schools are exploring the possibility of introducing assessment and initiatives on the germination of graphic symbol in their curriculum.

So surprisingly, there is all the same no bear witness to back up Duckworth'due south assertion that character is the most unique and powerful tool for predicting future success — and fifty-fifty less bear witness that external intervention tin increase this figure. According to the almost successful studies to predict future results, the hardness of grapheme is nearly identical to the expert faith of the well-known Big Five (a psychological model that describes the structure of a person's personality through five common, relatively independent features - Ed.), and also significantly inferior to such less attractive indicators equally learning.

A meta-analysis published terminal year by researchers Markus Creda, Michael Tinan and Peter Harms suggested that methods of forming grapheme'south hardness have little or no effect on academic results and subsequent success, and that "constructive certainty" of grapheme's hardness - or, in other words, how much this concept is useful from the bespeak of view of psychology and how much it relates to existent results is questionable. Moreover, Creed and his colleagues discovered that Duckworth made a number of statistical errors in the early stages of character inquiry — "elementary" errors, as Creed put information technology in his email — that led to what he and his colleagues chosen a bloated assessment of the importance of hardness. grapheme The errors that were not corrected however remain in the enquiry documents, although Duckworth promised to bank check all the inaccuracies.

Duckworth, to her credit, criticized people who, in her opinion, prematurely trumpeted the importance of the concept for real results. In her email she shared a link to the document where she is working on the response to the Creed meta-assay team and other critics of her work (she said she plans to publish it, but the certificate is not gear up all the same). She also denies accusations of popularizing her grapheme: "To exist honest, I cannot sympathize exactly where in my book, in articles I have published, or fifty-fifty in my public speeches, I could say that character is the only or best manner to predetermine success."

However, regardless of what anyone thinks about her interview in Timesin the words of speeches with TED Talks or considers the statistical errors constitute past Creda to be serious, in fact many people really overestimate the importance of character - or at least run ahead of the locomotive, without waiting for the publication of any convincing evidence.

Despite the fact that the force of character has not yet reached the same peaks as self-esteem - partly considering information technology remains a relatively new subject of report - other striking areas of similarity tin can exist traced. Hardness of grapheme, like self-esteem, can be reduced to a unproblematic bulletin that resonates in the society where this concept originated. Thus, if self-actualization was extremely popular among middle-course consumers of popular psychology in sixty and 70, the flow of Vasconcellos activeness, then today the situation has go a bit ... harder. Guild has become more than individualistic, more than divided and more focused on achieving its goals.

So, although the extremely simplistic message "If we tin can increase self-esteem, we can solve many problems" and "fit" with 1980, the thought in 2017 is "If we can teach children to work more than and demonstrate more than perseverance, they can achieve success" has great potential. Notwithstanding, the structure remained unchanged: like self-esteem, the hardness of grapheme erases a huge amount of difficulties and inequalities in the distribution of advantages, determining winners and losers, replacing all this confusion with a clear and understandable scheme that tin can be reduced to two sentences. And yes, the proponents of character may insist that, of course, there are other factors that are non yet determined, simply this does non at all contribute to reducing the popularity of this concept.

Perhaps the most serious problem in discussing an obsolete cocky-esteem insurrection or a burgeoning obsession with character strength is people'due south conviction that the discoveries of behavioral scientific discipline can solve issues related to didactics, the justice arrangement or other areas of social life where inequality exists. None of the issues that attract the attending of scientists, can not be solved by development, leaving their laboratories. The situation is e'er more than complicated than the algorithm "If we could simply brand people be more than 10, then, of class, we could immediately solve the trouble Y". In short, the social sciences should be perceived equally part of an extremely circuitous procedure of solving global problems of society, and not as a source of revolutionary Unproblematic Solutions.

Translation: New

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